Solar panels in space could dramatically reduce Europe’s need for terrestrial renewable energy by 80% by 2050, according to a groundbreaking study. Conducted by researchers at King’s College London, the study utilized a detailed computer model of Europe’s future power grid, revealing that a NASA-designed system of space-based panels could also lower the overall cost of Europe’s power system by up to 15% and cut battery usage by more than two-thirds.
This pioneering research marks the first assessment of space solar energy’s potential impact on Europe. The space-based solar panel (SBSP) system employs a heliostat design, utilizing mirror-like reflectors to collect sunlight in orbit. This sunlight is then transmitted to Earth-based stations, converted into electricity, and integrated into the energy grid.
Revolutionizing Europe’s Energy Landscape
The study’s computer model encompasses 33 countries, simulating electricity demand, generation, and storage to pinpoint the most cost-effective solution for Europe’s electricity needs. When the SBSP concept was integrated into this model, based on NASA’s predictions of its energy capacity, it demonstrated the potential to replace up to 80% of Europe’s land-based renewable energy sources.
Land-based renewable energy often faces challenges due to its irregularity and dependency on weather conditions, which complicate reliable supply and lead to varying costs. In contrast, SBSPs offer a centralized energy resource that operates above the atmosphere, providing continuous gigawatt-scale power.
Challenges and Considerations
The authors of the study caution that the model does not account for potential space-specific challenges such as orbital congestion, transmission interruptions, or beaming variability, which could affect SBSP reliability and performance. Moreover, the cost-effectiveness of SBSPs might not be realized until 2050, as the expenses associated with building, launching, and maintaining them remain prohibitively high unless technological advancements reduce these costs.
“There are some risks to consider, such as how the satellite in space could have too many solar panels. Could it cause collisions or be damaged by debris in space?” said Dr. Wei He, a senior lecturer at KCL’s engineering department and lead author of the study.
Despite these risks, Dr. Wei believes that the research underscores the potential of SBSPs to aid countries in achieving net-zero emissions. “Renewable energy to replace fossil fuels is the most important action we are taking as humans. Space-based solar power is a potential technology and can provide continuous solar power as a renewable energy source,” he stated.
Global and Regional Implications
Japan is already advancing SBSP technology and incorporating it into its space and net-zero strategy, according to Dr. Wei. Europe, with its rich history of multinational cooperation in cross-border electricity exchange and satellite ventures under the European Space Agency, could follow suit.
The study suggests that Europe could leverage its collaborative strengths to develop and operate a centralized SBSP infrastructure. This could provide a continent-scale solution for stable, baseload-scale renewable supply, significantly reducing reliance on gas-fired power.
“Now is the time,” Dr. Wei emphasized, highlighting the urgency of transitioning to renewable energy sources.
Looking Ahead
The potential of space-based solar panels offers a transformative opportunity for Europe’s energy landscape. As the continent grapples with the challenges of energy security and sustainability, SBSPs could provide a viable path forward. However, realizing this vision will require overcoming technical, financial, and regulatory hurdles.
As Europe considers its energy future, the integration of space-based solar technology could not only help meet renewable energy targets but also position the continent as a leader in innovative energy solutions. The study’s findings invite policymakers, industry leaders, and researchers to explore the possibilities of this cutting-edge technology further, potentially setting a new standard for global energy systems.
