Two groundbreaking studies from the University of Eastern Finland have revealed that social support plays a crucial role in enhancing health and well-being in later life. The research indicates that older adults with access to adequate social support tend to live longer and enjoy a better quality of life, particularly those receiving home care services.
By examining various dimensions of social support and their predictive association with mortality over two decades, researchers found that both general and health-related social support significantly reduced the mortality risk among older adults. Participants in the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) study, who had social support, lived on average two years longer than those without it.
Key Findings on Social Support and Longevity
Doctoral Researcher Catherine Kayonga from the University of Eastern Finland highlighted that older adults receiving support solely from relatives had a higher mortality risk compared to those who also received support from friends, neighbors, and colleagues. Interestingly, the study found that individuals under 70 without social support faced a higher mortality risk than those over 70.
“We found that older adults who received general and health-related social support from relatives only had a higher mortality risk compared to those who also received support from friends, neighbours and colleagues,” said Catherine Kayonga.
This finding diverges from previous research, which often emphasized the role of family members in supporting older adults. The study suggests that friends, neighbors, and colleagues play a vital role in promoting the survival of older adults.
Implications for Policy and Preventative Measures
The research advocates for policies that encourage older adults to establish and maintain social relationships beyond their family. It also emphasizes the importance of investing in preventative measures throughout different life stages, not just in old age.
Meanwhile, the study also explored the impact of social support on the quality of life among older adults with increased care needs. Using data from the Old-age Social Exclusion in Home Care – Prevalence, Meanings & Intervention (SOLDEX) project, researchers found that social support was linked to a better quality of life for home care recipients.
Social Support and Quality of Life in Home Care
According to Kayonga, individuals with access to social support experienced improved psychological well-being, reduced depression, and enhanced functional abilities, which are crucial for activities of daily living.
“We found that having access to social support was associated with a better quality of life, while those with less social support experienced a lower quality of life,” Kayonga noted.
The study also highlighted the role of higher education in shaping an individual’s quality of life in later years. Conversely, difficulties with daily activities were associated with a decline in quality of life, underscoring the need to address both social and health needs in home care services.
Future Directions and Research Support
Conducted within the Neuro-Innovation PhD programme, the studies were supported by the University of Eastern Finland and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. These findings offer valuable insights for developing comprehensive care strategies that integrate social support as a fundamental component.
As the global population ages, understanding the multifaceted role of social support in longevity and quality of life becomes increasingly important. The University of Eastern Finland’s research provides a foundation for future studies and policy-making aimed at improving the lives of older adults worldwide.
