The rise of GLP-1 drugs, such as Ozempic and Mounjaro, has been meteoric, with these medications transitioning from diabetes treatments to popular weight loss aids. However, recent warnings have emerged, highlighting potential risks of suicidal thoughts and contraceptive failures associated with these drugs. As these concerns gain attention, patients and healthcare providers are urged to navigate the benefits and risks carefully.
Australia’s Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) issued new advisories this week, emphasizing the need for awareness about these potential side effects. This development follows reports of increased suicidal thoughts and unwanted pregnancies linked to GLP-1 medications, raising questions about their safety profile.
Understanding GLP-1 Drugs
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) drugs are primarily prescribed for type-2 diabetes and obesity management. They function by lowering blood sugar levels and reducing appetite, aiding in weight loss. In Australia, five GLP-1 medications have been approved: Mounjaro (tirzepatide), Ozempic (semaglutide), Wegovy (semaglutide), Saxenda (liraglutide), and Trulicity (dulaglutide).
While these drugs have been available for over a decade, their popularity surged recently, partly due to endorsements by Hollywood celebrities. Common side effects include digestive issues such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which are usually mild and temporary.
Risks of Suicidal Thoughts
Concerns about mental health effects have led to increased scrutiny. In the 12 months leading up to November 2025, the Australian Database of Adverse Events Notifications recorded 20 cases of suicidal thoughts associated with GLP-1 drug use. This aligns with a 2024 study that identified a 106% increase in suicidal behavior risk linked to these medications.
“A separate 2024 study analyzed data from over 1.8 million patients and found a lower risk of suicidal thoughts among those taking GLP-1 drugs compared to non-users.”
Despite conflicting evidence, the potential link between GLP-1 drugs and mental health issues remains a critical concern for healthcare providers and patients alike.
Impact on Contraception
Another area of concern is the effect of GLP-1 drugs on oral contraceptives. These contraceptives rely on hormones to prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus, thereby reducing pregnancy risk. If GLP-1 medications alter hormone absorption, contraceptive efficacy may be compromised.
Research dating back to 2003 suggested this possibility, with recent studies confirming that drugs like tirzepatide and oral semaglutide can affect hormone levels. However, not all GLP-1 drugs have the same impact; for instance, a 2015 study found that semaglutide did not alter hormone absorption in commonly used contraceptive pills.
“GLP-1 drugs should not affect the efficacy of IUDs or other long-acting contraceptives, as these methods do not rely on stomach-absorbed hormones.”
Guidance for Patients
For those taking GLP-1 medications, the TGA advises vigilance regarding mood changes and mental health symptoms. Patients experiencing new or worsening depression or suicidal thoughts should consult their healthcare providers immediately.
Women using tirzepatide alongside oral contraceptives are advised to consider alternative contraceptive methods, such as implants, or to use additional barrier methods for four weeks after starting or increasing the dosage of the GLP-1 drug. Additionally, GLP-1 drugs are not recommended during pregnancy due to potential effects on fetal growth, with some reports of miscarriages linked to semaglutide and tirzepatide use.
As the conversation around GLP-1 drugs continues, it is crucial for patients and healthcare professionals to weigh the benefits against the risks and to stay informed about the latest research and recommendations.
If this article has raised issues for you, or if you’re concerned about someone you know, call Lifeline on 13 11 14 or the Suicide Call Back Service on 1300 659 467.
Courtesy of The Conversation. This material from the originating organization/author(s) might be of the point-in-time nature, and edited for clarity, style and length. Mirage.News does not take institutional positions or sides, and all views, positions, and conclusions expressed herein are solely those of the author(s).
