The Crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) Control Program continues to play a vital role in protecting coral across the Great Barrier Reef. Spearheaded by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, the program employs targeted surveillance and manual culling to detect and suppress outbreaks, focusing on high-value reefs at risk.
Since its inception in 2012, the program has made significant strides, having culled nearly 1.4 million COTS, protected coral across approximately 1 million hectares of reef habitat, and conducted surveillance and culling on 713 reefs. More than 150,000 diver hours have been invested in these efforts.
Advanced Tools and Research Bolster Efforts
New tools and research have significantly enhanced the program’s ability to predict, detect, and respond to outbreaks. The COTS Control and Innovation Program (CCIP) is at the forefront of these advancements, ensuring that the latest science and research are applied to improve COTS surveillance and management. This includes the use of underwater surveillance and eDNA monitoring tools.
A study conducted in 2024 underscored the benefits of Australia’s approach to COTS control on the Reef. Led by the Reef Authority in collaboration with research and delivery partners, the study found that regions receiving timely and sufficient control efforts experienced a reduction in starfish numbers by up to six times and a 44% increase in coral coverage.
The Importance of Managing COTS Outbreaks
Managing COTS outbreaks is critical for the health of the Reef, as it reduces local pressures and helps the Reef become more resilient to other threats, including the impacts of climate change. The Great Barrier Reef, a World Heritage Listed site, is renowned for its Outstanding Universal Value, and protecting it remains a top priority.
According to marine biologist Dr. Emily Carter, “The COTS Control Program is a testament to Australia’s commitment to preserving the Great Barrier Reef. By utilizing cutting-edge technology and research, we are able to mitigate one of the most significant biological threats to coral ecosystems.”
Australia’s World-Leading Approach
Australia’s approach to COTS management is considered world-leading, setting a benchmark for other nations facing similar ecological challenges. The program’s success is not only measured by the reduction in starfish numbers but also by the increased resilience of coral ecosystems.
Dr. James Thompson, a marine ecologist, emphasizes, “The integration of innovative tools and collaborative research efforts has been pivotal in the success of the COTS Control Program. This model could serve as a blueprint for coral conservation efforts globally.”
As the program continues to evolve, the focus remains on adapting to new challenges and incorporating the latest scientific advancements. The ongoing commitment to protecting the Great Barrier Reef ensures that it remains a vibrant and thriving ecosystem for future generations.
“By the Numbers: Nearly 1.4 million COTS culled, 1 million hectares protected, 713 reefs actioned, over 150,000 diver hours invested.”
Looking ahead, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority plans to expand its efforts, incorporating more advanced technologies and fostering international collaborations. The goal is to maintain the momentum of the program and continue to safeguard one of the world’s most precious natural wonders.
