The precision with which scientists measure Earth’s position is facing a significant challenge. This precision is crucial for the satellites that underpin our daily navigation, communication, and Earth observation systems. Surprisingly, these measurements, rooted in the science of geodesy, rely on tracking black holes in distant galaxies. However, the rise of WiFi, mobile phones, and satellite internet is causing interference, complicating these critical measurements.
To track black holes, scientists use specific frequency lanes on the radio spectrum. Yet, with the increasing demand for radio frequencies from modern technologies, this spectrum is becoming congested, resembling a traffic jam.
Why Black Holes Matter
Satellites are indispensable to modern life, enabling everything from precise navigation to climate change monitoring, global supply chain management, and the functioning of power grids and online banking. For these satellites to operate effectively, their positions must be known with precision. This precision is achieved through the “global geodesy supply chain.”
This supply chain begins by establishing a reliable reference frame, which is essential for all other measurements. Given the constant movement of satellites, Earth, and the Sun, this reference frame must be calibrated against relatively fixed external objects. Black holes in distant galaxies, which emit streams of radiation as they consume stars and gas, serve as the best anchor points due to their stability and distance.
Radio Frequency Challenges
Radio telescopes are used to detect radio waves from black holes, as these waves can penetrate the atmosphere and be received under various conditions. However, these same frequencies are used for terrestrial communications, including WiFi and mobile phones. While the use of different radio frequencies is regulated, and some lanes are reserved for radio astronomy, the increase in radio traffic has made it difficult for scientists to maintain the precision needed for modern technology.
In the past, the radio spectrum had less traffic, allowing scientists to occasionally use lanes outside those reserved for astronomy. Today, however, the proliferation of mobile phone services and satellite internet has crowded the spectrum, posing a risk to many satellite services.
Potential Solutions and Global Cooperation
To ensure the continued functionality of satellite services, geodesy requires additional lanes on the radio spectrum. Geodesists need representation at international forums where spectrum allocation is decided. Other solutions include establishing radio quiet zones around essential radio telescopes and collaborating with satellite providers to prevent interference.
Addressing this issue requires global cooperation, as geodetic measurements depend on a worldwide network of radio telescopes. Each nation primarily regulates its own radio spectrum, presenting a significant challenge. Raising awareness is a crucial first step. To maintain the functionality of satellite navigation, supply chains, and financial transactions, we must ensure a clear path to the black holes in distant galaxies by alleviating congestion on the radio spectrum.
“If we want satellite navigation to work, our supermarkets to be stocked, and our online money transfers arriving safely, we need to make sure we have a clear view of those black holes in distant galaxies – and that means clearing up the radio highway.”
This material, courtesy of The Conversation, has been edited for clarity, style, and length. Mirage.News does not take institutional positions or sides, and all views, positions, and conclusions expressed herein are solely those of the author(s).
