Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder affecting approximately one in ten Canadian women, yet it remains largely under-recognized, under-diagnosed, and under-treated. This condition, distinct from ovarian cysts, is linked to infertility, pregnancy complications, heart disease, and a decreased quality of life. Alarmingly, fewer than half of those affected are aware of their condition.
The urgency of addressing PCOS is underscored by a recent Canadian study indicating that women with PCOS are 20% to 40% more likely to experience adverse health outcomes compared to the general population. These include hypertension, kidney disease, gastrointestinal disorders, eating disorders, and mental health challenges such as depression and anxiety.
Heart Disease Risk and PCOS
Canadian researchers have highlighted that women with PCOS face a significantly higher risk of obesity, dyslipidemia, and Type 2 diabetes—conditions that are two to three times more prevalent in this group. Of particular concern is the increased likelihood of cardiovascular disease, which not only occurs 30% to 50% more frequently but also manifests three to four years earlier than in women without PCOS.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and untreated PCOS symptoms further endanger women’s health.
The High Cost of PCOS
Beyond the physical and mental health implications, PCOS imposes a substantial financial burden on affected women, particularly those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. The healthcare system’s failure to adequately diagnose and manage PCOS exacerbates these challenges. Many women report that their symptoms are dismissed by healthcare providers, leading to delays in diagnosis that can span several months or even years.
Common Symptoms of PCOS
Symptoms of PCOS can vary widely but often include:
- Irregular periods
- Excess body hair, known as hirsutism
- Thinning or loss of hair
- Acne and oily skin
- Weight gain
Discussing these symptoms with a healthcare provider is crucial, as careful management and treatment can mitigate the risk of more serious health issues.
Managing and Treating PCOS
Despite being recognized nearly a century ago, PCOS still lacks a definitive test for diagnosis and has no cure. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to assess hormone levels and ultrasounds to examine the ovaries. Unlike ovarian cysts, polycystic ovaries appear enlarged with multiple follicles visible on ultrasound.
Upon diagnosis, further testing for cholesterol and glucose levels is often recommended to manage the heightened risk of heart disease and diabetes. Researchers advocate for lifestyle modifications, such as healthy eating and regular exercise, as part of an individualized treatment approach.
Progress in PCOS Research and Advocacy
Despite the challenges, significant strides are being made in PCOS research and advocacy. In 2023, an International PCOS Guideline was published, recommending personalized treatment plans. In Canada, Alberta has launched a clinical pathway to improve PCOS recognition and treatment, which could serve as a model for broader adoption.
At the University of Calgary, Dr. Jamie Benham leads the EMBRACE research lab, focusing on reproductive disorders, including PCOS. This lab is actively engaging with patients to develop tools that support PCOS management, informed by a current needs-assessment survey and upcoming focus groups.
Patient Engagement and Awareness
The demand for answers has led to the formation of a PCOS Patient Advisory Council, chaired by Robyn Vettese, to explore the complex interplay between hormones and health. This council aims to enhance screening, identify solutions, and disseminate findings to the broader community.
Other initiatives include Dr. Benham’s participation in the Women’s Health Symposium in Calgary and her collaboration with the Libin Cardiovascular Institute. In Alberta, the PCOS Together program is working to establish early detection methods and clinical interventions for high-risk women.
This is a critical area of women’s health that requires increased awareness and attention to improve and save lives.
Globally, organizations like Verity PCOS in the UK and Ask PCOS in Australia are providing valuable resources and support, highlighting the international effort to address this often-overlooked health issue.
