Australian researchers have achieved a significant milestone in the study of multiple sclerosis (MS) by being able to examine over 100 genetic risk factors simultaneously. This breakthrough, led by Dr. Hamish King at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), marks a crucial step towards understanding the development of MS and enhancing the quality of life for those affected by the disease. The project is supported by MS Australia’s recent $2.8 million research grant.
Over the past 20 years, extensive genetic studies have identified numerous small DNA changes associated with an increased risk of MS. However, these changes often do not directly alter genes but rather influence how genes are activated within immune cells, complicating efforts to understand their role in the disease. Dr. King’s team aims to introduce and test these genetic risk factors in human immune cells to measure their impact on gene activity and immune behavior, both individually and collectively.
Understanding the Genetic Puzzle of MS
Dr. King emphasizes that comprehending how networks of risk genes operate together could pave the way for more precise treatments and improved long-term outcomes for individuals living with MS.
“For more than 20 years, we’ve known that there are many genetic markers linked to the risk of developing MS, but we haven’t been able to fully explain how they alter immune cell behavior,” Dr. King said.
MS is an immune-mediated condition where the body mistakenly attacks the brain and spinal cord, damaging the myelin sheath that protects nerve fibers. This can lead to symptoms affecting mobility, vision, cognition, and energy levels. By 2025, over 37,700 Australians are projected to be living with MS, a 77.4% increase since 2010, with the disease’s economic burden reaching $3 billion in 2024.
Bridging the Gap Between Genetic Discovery and Real-World Impact
As the prevalence of MS continues to rise, accelerating research across the disease’s full spectrum becomes increasingly urgent. Dr. Tennille Luker, Head of Research at MS Australia, highlights the importance of projects like Dr. King’s in closing the gap between genetic discovery and tangible outcomes.
“Identifying risk was only the beginning. Understanding how those genetic changes actually drive disease is what allows us to change its trajectory,” Dr. Luker stated.
In addition to MS Australia’s core funding, the Browne Family’s generous support has enabled a Postdoctoral Fellowship awarded to Dr. James Hilton at the University of Melbourne. His work focuses on developing new compounds to protect nerve cells in progressive MS. Over two decades, MS Australia has invested more than $60 million in MS research.
Exploring Innovative Research Projects
The research grants will be formally launched at Parliament House in Canberra on March 4 during MS Australia’s Advancing MS Research in Australia event. The event will feature speakers such as Dr. Monique Ryan MP and Ms. Renee Coffey MP, who will emphasize the importance of sustained national commitment to MS research.
Featured Projects
- Sensory Shoe Insoles to Improve Balance in MS: Associate Professor Anna Hatton from The University of Queensland is developing sensory shoe insoles designed to enhance foot sensation and improve balance in people with MS. The project aims to reduce fall risk and support mobility and independence.
- Protecting Brain Blood Flow to Slow MS Progression: Professor Kaylene Young at the Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, is investigating how changes in brain blood vessels may contribute to MS progression. Her team aims to identify drug targets that protect myelin and slow disability.
- Investigating How Common Viruses May Trigger MS: Mr. Alex Eisner at The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, is examining the role of viruses like Epstein-Barr in MS. His research seeks to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying viral infections that affect MS risk and progression.
- Investigating Whether Copper Disruption Links Key MS Risk Factors: Dr. Brittney Lins at Curtin University is exploring whether disrupted copper levels in the brain may connect major MS risk factors. Her project aims to identify new prevention and treatment strategies.
CEO Rohan Greenland of MS Australia underscores the necessity of sustained national investment in research to deliver real progress for those living with MS.
“Research is hope, and it reminds people living with MS that progress is possible, and that better treatments and prevention are within reach,” Mr. Greenland said.
The collaboration between MS Australia’s state and territory member organizations, donors, and the broader MS community is accelerating discoveries that bring us closer to a world without MS.
