On World Cancer Day, health authorities are placing a spotlight on prevention as the most effective weapon against cancer, which remains the second-leading cause of death in Europe. The European Code Against Cancer, now in its fifth edition, outlines 14 evidence-based measures designed to help both individuals and policymakers reduce the risk of cancer.
The announcement comes as Europe grapples with a significant public health challenge. In 2022, approximately 1.3 million people in the European Union succumbed to cancer. Projections suggest that new cancer diagnoses could increase by 18% and cancer-related deaths by 26% by 2040, with the financial burden surpassing €93 billion annually.
The Cancer Challenge in Europe
Cancer’s impact on Europe is profound and growing. The continent faces a dual challenge: managing the current burden of cancer while preparing for future increases in incidence and mortality. The European Code Against Cancer serves as a crucial tool in this fight, providing actionable recommendations that can significantly alter the trajectory of cancer statistics.
According to Professor Thanos Dimopoulos, a leading expert in oncology, at least 40% of cancers are preventable. “Following these guidelines not only reduces cancer risk but also diminishes the likelihood of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and respiratory illnesses,” he notes.
14 Prevention Recommendations
The European Code Against Cancer emphasizes a comprehensive approach to prevention. Key recommendations include:
- Avoid smoking and vaping – Seek assistance from cessation centers if necessary.
- Protect yourself from secondhand smoke – Ensure homes and cars remain smoke-free.
- Maintain a healthy weight – Limit intake of high-calorie, sugary, fatty, and salty foods.
- Stay physically active – Incorporate more movement into daily life to reduce sedentary time.
- Eat a balanced diet – Prioritize whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and legumes; limit red and processed meats.
- Avoid alcohol – Refrain from consuming alcoholic beverages.
- Breastfeed – Support long-term health benefits for both mother and child.
- Limit sun exposure – Use sunscreen, especially for children, and avoid tanning beds.
- Workplace safety – Identify and minimize exposure to carcinogens at work.
- Radon awareness – Test indoor radon levels and reduce exposure if necessary.
- Reduce air pollution exposure – Use public transport, walk or cycle, and advocate for clean-air policies.
- Prevent infection-related cancers – Vaccinate against hepatitis B and HPV; follow screening for hepatitis B, C, HIV, and Helicobacter pylori.
- Hormone replacement therapy – Use minimally and only after medical consultation.
- Participate in organized screening programs – Recommended screenings include:
- Colorectal cancer (ages 50–69)
- Breast cancer (women 45–74)
- Cervical cancer (women 21–65)
- Lung cancer (ages 50–80 for current or recent smokers)
Policy and Individual Action
The move represents a significant shift in strategy, as the 5th edition of the European Code calls on policymakers to create environments that facilitate healthier lifestyle choices. This dual focus on individual and policy-level interventions underscores the importance of a comprehensive approach to cancer prevention.
Meanwhile, experts emphasize that while individual actions are crucial, systemic changes are necessary to support these efforts. “We need policies that make the healthy choice the easy choice,” says Dr. Maria Neira, Director of Public Health and Environment at the World Health Organization. “This includes everything from urban planning that encourages physical activity to regulations that limit harmful exposures.”
Looking Ahead
The implications of these recommendations are far-reaching. By adopting these measures, Europe can potentially curb the rising tide of cancer cases and alleviate the associated economic burden. However, the success of these initiatives depends on widespread adoption and sustained commitment from both individuals and governments.
As World Cancer Day highlights the ongoing battle against cancer, the focus on prevention offers a beacon of hope. By implementing the European Code Against Cancer’s guidelines, Europe can take significant strides toward reducing cancer incidence and improving public health outcomes.
