Communities across southern New South Wales are being urged to take preventive measures against mosquito bites following a probable case of Japanese encephalitis (JE) and the detection of the virus in sentinel chickens. This alert comes after a man in his 60s, likely exposed in the Riverina region, is being investigated for JE, a rare but potentially severe illness.
Japanese encephalitis is transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes and can lead to serious neurological conditions, including headaches, confusion, convulsions, and reduced consciousness. The recent detection of JE virus in the Upper Lachlan Shire near Goulburn, identified through a sentinel chicken blood sample in early January 2026, suggests the virus is circulating in the area.
Health Authorities Issue Warnings and Recommendations
NSW Health employs routine sentinel chicken surveillance to provide early warnings about mosquito-borne viruses. Alison Nikitas, Director of Public Health for Murrumbidgee and Southern NSW Local Health Districts, emphasized the importance of protection and vaccination for those in high-risk areas.
“There is no specific treatment for JE, so it is very important for people who live in or travel to these areas to be aware of the elevated risk,” Ms. Nikitas stated. “Importantly, there is a safe, effective vaccine to protect against JE virus which is free to anyone who lives or routinely works in various inland regions as well as for people who work in some other high-risk occupations.”
The JE vaccine is accessible through general practitioners, Aboriginal health services, and pharmacists. Eligible individuals are encouraged to make appointments for vaccination, noting that providers may need advance notice to order the vaccine. A booster dose may be necessary for some, particularly those vaccinated over a year ago.
Preventive Measures Against Mosquito Bites
To minimize the risk of JE, NSW Health advises the following preventive measures:
- Apply repellent to exposed skin, using products containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus. Ensure repellents are safe for children, with most suitable for those aged three months and older.
- Re-apply repellent regularly, especially after swimming, and apply sunscreen before repellent.
- Wear light, loose-fitting long-sleeve shirts, long pants, socks, and covered footwear.
- Avoid outdoor activities during peak mosquito times, particularly at dawn and dusk.
- Utilize insecticide sprays, vapor dispensing units, and mosquito coils (coils should be used outdoors in well-ventilated areas).
- Ensure windows and doors are covered with insect screens and check for gaps.
- Remove items that collect water, such as old tires and empty pots, to reduce mosquito breeding sites.
- Protect infants under three months with mosquito netting over carriers.
- While camping, use tents with fly screens or sleep under mosquito nets.
Understanding Japanese Encephalitis and Its Impact
Japanese encephalitis cannot be transmitted directly between humans or from other animals, which underscores the importance of mosquito control as a primary defense. The disease is endemic to parts of Asia and the Western Pacific, with Australia experiencing increased cases in recent years, partly due to climate changes affecting mosquito populations.
Historically, outbreaks have prompted public health responses, including vaccination campaigns and awareness drives. The current situation in NSW reflects a broader trend of vigilance against mosquito-borne diseases, which are expected to rise with global warming.
Looking ahead, health authorities continue to monitor the situation closely, with ongoing surveillance and public education efforts. Residents in affected areas are encouraged to stay informed about JE and other mosquito-borne diseases, ensuring they take appropriate precautions.
For more information on eligibility for the free JE vaccine, residents can visit the Japanese encephalitis vaccination page provided by NSW Health.
