Australians are being urged to take precautions against mosquito bites this summer, as new research reveals that warmer temperatures significantly heighten the risk of Ross River virus infections across much of the country. This warning follows a comprehensive review led by the University of Adelaide, published in the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, which analyzed 30 studies on the correlation between temperature and mosquito-borne diseases such as Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus.
The study highlights a clear link between rising temperatures and increased infection risks, particularly in coastal and riverland regions. Annually, approximately 3,000 cases of Ross River virus are reported in Australia. The virus, transmitted by mosquitoes, can lead to symptoms such as rash, fever, and joint pain. While most individuals recover within a few weeks, some suffer from prolonged symptoms that can significantly impact their quality of life.
Regional Variations and Temperature Impact
According to the study’s lead author, Christina Mary Varghese from the University of Adelaide’s School of Public Health, “Studies found that maximum temperatures are linked to higher Ross River Virus cases in coastal Australia, particularly in Queensland (Brisbane, Cairns, Townsville, Mackay, Gladstone, Bundaberg, Redland and Darling Downs), New South Wales (North-East NSW), Tasmania (Sorell region), and WA (Mandurah).” However, the relationship between temperature and infection risk varies by location.
Varghese further noted, “Some studies found that minimum temperature appeared to increase the risk of the Ross River Virus infections in Darwin and in some inland regions of SA, Victoria, and Queensland.” This variability underscores the complexity of predicting outbreaks, which are influenced by a mix of factors including rainfall, humidity, and stagnant water conditions.
“It is very hard to predict Ross River Virus outbreaks, with a complex range of factors contributing to increased risk, including rainfall, humidity, and stagnant water conditions,” Varghese said. “But we know that cases are more likely when temperatures are between 17 and 31 degrees, with infections spiking when temperatures are around 26 degrees.”
Broader Implications and Preventive Measures
The review also explored the Barmah Forest Virus, finding that infection risk was linked to minimum temperatures in both coastal and inland areas. “One of our biggest findings was that studies of Ross River Virus and Barmah Forest Virus have mostly centred on the coast. There is very little data on smaller towns and few related to Ross River Virus in Queensland,” Varghese explained.
With more Australians traveling, camping, and spending time outdoors during the summer, researchers advise wearing light-colored clothing, using mosquito nets, and applying repellent to exposed skin as preventive measures. Senior author Professor Peng Bi from the University of Adelaide emphasized the need for further research, particularly in understanding the impact of climate change on disease patterns.
“There has been no Australian-based study assessing associated healthcare costs, nor projecting future disease burden under different climate change scenarios – this is a key knowledge gap that needs to be addressed,” Bi said.
Future Directions and Public Health Initiatives
Public Health Association of Australia chief executive Terry Slevin remarked on the relevance of these findings, especially with the upcoming launch of Australia’s Centre for Disease Control in January. “As the Australian weather warms due to climate change, we are likely to see different parts of Australia exposed to mosquito carried diseases like Ross River Fever and Barmah River Virus. Australia’s Centre for Disease Control will be monitoring these issues and is already providing advice on mosquito bite prevention,” Slevin stated.
Looking ahead, the establishment of the Centre for Disease Control is expected to play a pivotal role in addressing these challenges by offering guidance and developing strategies to mitigate the risks associated with mosquito-borne diseases. As climate patterns continue to evolve, ongoing research and public health initiatives will be crucial in safeguarding the health of Australians.
IMPORTANT LEGAL INFO: This article is of a general nature and FYI only, because it doesn’t take into account your personal health requirements or existing medical conditions. That means it’s not personalized health advice and shouldn’t be relied upon as if it is. Before making a health-related decision, you should work out if the info is appropriate for your situation and get professional medical advice.
