There have been at least three watershed moments in how humans access information. One came with the invention of the printing press in 1440, which revolutionized the spread of knowledge. Another pivotal moment occurred in 1998, when the launch of Google transformed how we search for and retrieve information. The third significant shift happened in late 2022 with the introduction of generative artificial intelligence (AI). This technology not only answers questions but also helps generate new content and propose solutions to real-life problems. Generative AI teaches itself even when we are not using it.
Unlike past technological shifts, which unfolded over decades or even centuries, this one is happening in just a few years. While parents may be hearing about AI in their work or in the news, they may not realize it is also being introduced into their children’s classrooms. As part of our new book published this week, we outline the questions parents should be asking their schools about AI.
Understanding Generative AI
You’ve likely encountered AI in everyday life—when your web browser remembers your preferences, your GPS suggests a faster route, or your bank flags unusual spending. These systems analyze data and make predictions based on patterns. Generative AI goes a step further. It doesn’t just analyze; it creates. Ask it to plan a summer barbecue, and it can generate a menu, write a shopping list, design invitations, compile a playlist, or even compose an original party song. It adapts to your needs in real time, whether you’re catering to vegans or entertaining toddlers.
Our Research on AI in Education
In our book, The Future of Schooling in a GenAI World, we investigate what generative AI means for schools. We sought the views of more than 350 experts via surveys, interviews, and international forums. We spoke to developers inventing AI, academics and business leaders who understand its implications, and school leaders who are adopting it. We asked participants to tell us the implications of AI for schooling.
We found generative AI is already being used in primary and secondary schools in Australia and around the world to personalize learning. It helps teachers develop study guides on key content, tutors young people at their own pace, creates lesson plans, and varies assessments depending on the student. As generative AI tools “remember” prior interactions, they can return to where the student left off the day before and prompt for repetition or jump ahead—similar to a private tutor.
But with these opportunities come risks. This includes an over-reliance on technology, rather than independent thinking (called “cognitive offloading”). It is also easy for students to cheat. The technology can also be biased and inaccurate and can threaten our privacy. In the process, there are fears it could dehumanize education.
Questions Parents Should Ask
In our book, we pose key questions parents should be asking themselves, their children, and their schools to ensure generative AI is being used safely to enhance learning and teaching:
- What is the school’s plan for adopting AI learning tools and resources? Schools should at least have a framework in place, but in our research, we found some do not have any formal planning.
- How are we already using AI in the classroom? Is it just being used by teachers, or are students also using it in their daily work?
- How are we planning to use AI in the foreseeable future?
- What is an example of how using AI could benefit my child’s learning? Could it be used to focus on a particular part of the curriculum (for example, science and technology), or to focus on an area where a child needs extra work (such as multiplication)?
- How is the school safeguarding student identity and other private data?
- How is the school instructing students about the pros and cons of AI and its appropriate use and potential misuse? This means students are learning how to be thoughtful, responsible users of AI.
- How can AI learning tools help my child who has an identified special need?
- What AI tools do you recommend we have at home to support learning? Will my child need a new laptop or special software, or will we need this at home?
You could also suggest the school hosts a workshop for parents and carers to learn how to use AI tools and to address any AI concerns.
The Future of AI in Education
Where is all this heading? We don’t yet know, and the pace of the change is so fast even the experts we talked to are having difficulty keeping up with the latest iterations of the tools. But we do know schools and teachers will remain essential to our society. What will change is the kind of schools we need and the role of teachers in leading them.
For parents and educators, the challenge is to keep the HI—our human intelligence—in front of the AI. As technology continues to evolve, the focus should remain on enhancing educational experiences while safeguarding the human elements that make learning meaningful and impactful.
