In a recent statement, Papua New Guinea (PNG) Prime Minister James Marape indicated a “high possibility” that his nation would abstain from participating in a potential conflict involving Australia and China. This stance comes despite the signing of the Pukpuk Defence Treaty, a mutual defence agreement with Australia, marking the first such alliance for Australia in over 70 years.
The Pukpuk Treaty stipulates that an armed attack on either Australia or PNG would be considered a threat to both nations’ peace and security. The agreement commits both countries to respond to such threats in accordance with their constitutional processes. However, Marape emphasized PNG’s sovereignty and the autonomy of its decision-making process.
Understanding the Pukpuk Defence Treaty
The Pukpuk Defence Treaty, named after the Tok Pisin word for “crocodile,” symbolizes the strength and resilience of the partnership between PNG and Australia. It is designed to enhance military cooperation and interoperability between the two countries. The treaty includes provisions for mutual assistance in the event of an armed attack, but Marape has clarified that the decision to engage in conflict ultimately lies with the respective defence force commanders.
Marape’s comments come at a time of heightened tensions in the Asia-Pacific region, where geopolitical dynamics are increasingly complex. He stressed the importance of peace and diplomacy, particularly in the context of any potential conflict between the United States and China, urging Australia to prioritize peaceful resolutions over military engagement.
“Our relationship with Australia will mean that we sit at a decision-making table, and we will say, look, give peace a go, not war,” Marape stated.
Economic Ties and Regional Relations
Marape downplayed the likelihood of conflict with China, highlighting PNG’s economic ties with the Asian giant. “I don’t necessarily see China as an enemy,” he remarked. “We trade with China, we do business with China, and so there is no need for an alarmist approach in this conversation.”
The Prime Minister also questioned PNG’s military capacity to contribute to such a conflict, asking rhetorically, “What does PNG have to offer right now?” This reflects a broader consideration of PNG’s role and capabilities within regional security frameworks.
Indonesia-PNG Relations
The commitments under the Pukpuk Treaty have also sparked discussions about Australia’s potential obligations should a conflict arise between PNG and Indonesia. Marape clarified that the treaty does not obligate Australia to intervene in such scenarios, emphasizing PNG’s “healthy dialogue with Indonesia.”
He expressed confidence that Indonesia would not be offended by the treaty, noting that the decision to sign was made independently of consultations with Jakarta. “They clearly understand where our need is,” he added.
Future Military Cooperation
While the treaty promotes the integration of defence forces, Marape stated that the establishment of Australian military bases in PNG is unlikely “at this stage.” He underscored the focus on building PNG’s own defence capabilities, although he acknowledged that several nations, including Australia, have historically used PNG’s military facilities under various agreements.
“It’s just the amplifying of that sort of arrangement,” Marape explained, referring to the existing defence collaborations.
The announcement of PNG’s potential neutrality in a conflict involving China and Australia highlights the nation’s strategic positioning and the complexities of regional alliances. As tensions continue to simmer in the Asia-Pacific, PNG’s approach underscores the importance of sovereignty and diplomacy in navigating international relations.
Looking ahead, the Pukpuk Treaty may serve as a framework for further cooperation between PNG and Australia, while also allowing PNG to assert its independent foreign policy. The implications of this treaty and PNG’s stance will likely continue to influence regional dynamics in the coming years.
